

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    CI-DESSOUS : RACCOURCIS CHIMIE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% DE CYRIAQUE CHOLET  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcommand{\cntp}{{\it C.N.T.P.}}
%\newcommand{\si}{\text{Si}}

\newcommand{\ox}{\textup{O}}
\newcommand{\carb}{\textup{C}}
\newcommand{\mg}{\textup{Mg}}
\newcommand{\e}{\textup{e}^-}
\newcommand{\M}{\textup{ mol}\cdot\textup{L} ^{-1}}
\newcommand{\pcent}{\textup{\%}}
\newcommand{\fe}{\textup{Fe}}
\newcommand{\al}{\textup{Al}}
\newcommand{\h}{\textup{H}}
\newcommand{\cl}{\textup{Cl}}
%\newcommand{\am}{\text{A}^-}
%\newcommand{\ah}{\text{AH}}
\newcommand{\n}{\textup{N}}
\newcommand{\ti}{\text{Ti}}
\newcommand{\ag}{\textup{Ag}}
\newcommand{\sn}{\textup{Sn}}
\newcommand{\na}{\textup{Na}}
\newcommand{\K}{\textup{K}}
\newcommand{\CO}{\textup{CO}}
\newcommand{\he}{\textup{He}}
\newcommand{\B}{\textup{B}}
\newcommand{\D}{\textup{D}}
%\newcommand{\ga}{\text{Ga}}
%\newcommand{\In}{\text{In}}
\newcommand{\tl}{\textup{Tl}}
%\newcommand{\angstrom}{\overset{\circ}{\text{A}}}
\newcommand{\NO}{\textup{NO}}
%\renewcommand{\N}{\text{N}}
\newcommand{\au}{\text{Au}}
\newcommand{\cu}{\textup{Cu}}
\newcommand{\p}{\textup{P}}
%\newcommand{\as}{\text{As}}
%\newcommand{\Sb}{\text{Sb}}
\newcommand{\F}{\textup{F}}
\newcommand{\Br}{\textup{Br}}
%\newcommand{\asbr}{\as\Br}
\newcommand{\ca}{\textup{Ca}}
\newcommand{\Be}{\textup{Be}}
%\newcommand{\Sr}{\text{Sr}}
\newcommand{\Ba}{\textup{Ba}}
\newcommand{\Pb}{\textup{Pb}}
\newcommand{\s}{\textup{S}}
\newcommand{\Co}{\textup{Co}}
\newcommand{\cs}{\textup{Cs}}
\newcommand{\Rb}{\textup{Rb}}
\newcommand{\li}{\textup{Li}}
\newcommand{\V}{\textup{V}}
\newcommand{\hydro}{\h _3\ox ^+}
\newcommand{\oh}{\ox\h}
\newcommand{\HO}{\h\ox}
\newcommand{\eau}{\h _2\ox}
\newcommand{\enth}{\textup{ kJ}\cdot\textup{mol}^{-1}}
\newcommand{\gaz}{(\textup{gaz})}
\newcommand{\liq}{(\textup{liq})}
\newcommand{\Sol}{(\textup{sol})}
\newcommand{\aq}{(\textup{aq})}
\newcommand{\I}{\textup{I}}
\newcommand{\Rr}{\textup{R}}
\newcommand{\SO}{\textup{SO}}
\newcommand{\NH}{\textup{NH}}
\newcommand{\Zn}{\textup{Zn}}
\newcommand{\MM}{\textup{M}}
\newcommand{\CN}{\textup{CN}}
\newcommand{\SCN}{\textup{SCN}}
\newcommand{\Ni}{\textup{Ni}}
\newcommand{\HS}{\textup{HS}}
\newcommand{\HHS}{\textup{H}_2\textup{S}}
\newcommand{\A}{\textup{A}}
\newcommand{\pH}{\operatorname{pH}}
\newcommand{\pL}{\operatorname{pL}}
\newcommand{\pp}{\operatorname{p}}
\newcommand{\U}{\textup{U}}
\newcommand{\CH}{\textup{CH}}
\newcommand{\alcane}[2]{\carb _{#1}\h _{#2}}
\newcommand{\Cr}{\textup{Cr}}
\newcommand{\CrO}{\textup{CrO}}
\newcommand{\CRO}{\Cr _2\ox _7}
\newcommand{\cro}{\Cr\ox _4}
\newcommand{\Y}{\textup{Y}}
\newcommand{\liai}{\text{$\text{--}$}}
\newcommand{\X}{\textup{X}}
\newcommand{\Nu}{\textup{Nu}}
\newcommand{\bu}{\bullet}
\newcommand{\dbl}{\negthickspace =\negthickspace}
\newcommand{\Si}{\textup{Si}}
\newcommand{\module}[1]{\left|#1\right|}
\newcommand{\acco}[1]{\left\{#1\right\}}
\newcommand{\PO}{\textup{PO}}
\newcommand{\mt}{\textup{M}}
\newcommand{\Ti}{\textup{Ti}}
\newcommand{\Hg}{\textup{Hg}}
%\newcommand{\Zr}{\text{Zr}}
\newcommand{\COO}{\textup{COO}}
\newcommand{\CHO}{\textup{CHO}}
%\newcommand{\oh}{\text{OH}}
\newcommand{\LL}{\mathcal{L}}
\newcommand{\Ll}{\textup{L}}
\newcommand{\Cd}{\textup{Cd}}
\newcommand{\Ox}{\textup{Ox}}
\newcommand{\Red}{\textup{Red}}
\newcommand{\Mn}{\textup{Mn}}
\newcommand{\Pt}{\textup{Pt}}
%\newcommand{\OX}{\carb _2\ox _4}
\newcommand{\thio}{\s _2\ox _3}
%\newcommand{\MnO}{\Mn\ox_4}
\newcommand{\MnO}{\Mn\ox}
%\newcommand{\Ce}{\text{Ce}}
\newcommand{\ClO}{\textup{ClO}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcommand{\hf}{\hspace*{\fill}}  % Avoids begining or ending spaces removal

\newcommand{\Utemp}{ \text{\degres}\textup{C}}

%\let«\og \let»\fg

\newcommand{\Ummol}{\textup{ g}\cdot\textup{mol}^{-1}}
\newcommand{\HTOP}{\text{H$_3$O$^+$}}
\newcommand{\HOM}{\text{HO$^-$}}
%\newcommand{\eau}{\text{H$_2$O}}
\newcommand{\molL}{\text{~mol.L$^{-1}$}}
\newcommand{\stochio}{st\oe chiométrique}
\newcommand{\paren}[1]{\left(#1\right)}
\newcommand{\DS}{\displaystyle}
\newcommand{\deuxegal}[4]{
\[
   \left\{
   \begin{aligned}
  #1 &= #2  \\
    #3 &=#4
   \end{aligned}
   \right.
\]
}

\newcommand{\eqredox}[4]{
$$
  \left\{
  \begin{array}{r@{~~=~~}l}
  \DS #1 & \DS #2  \\
  \DS #3 & \DS #4
  \end{array}
  \right. 
$$
}

\newcommand{\troiseqredox}[6]{
$$
  \left\{
  \begin{array}{r@{~~=~~}l}
\rm  \DS #1 & \rm \DS #2  \\
\rm  \DS #3 & \rm \DS #4  \\
\rm  \DS #5 & \rm \DS #6
  \end{array}
  \right. 
$$
}